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Ivan Crnojević
Ivan Crnojević (), also known as Ivan the Black was the Lord of Zeta from 1465 to 1490.
==Early life==
Ivan Crnojević was a member of the Crnojević noble family. He was born to father Stefan Crnojević and mother Mara Kastrioti. Ivan had one brother, Đurađ. Ivan first married Gojislava, the sister of Albanian lord Gjergj Arianiti, and he also became related with titular Serbian Despot Stefan Branković through his wife, Angelina from the same family. Ivan's second wife was Mara, a sister of Stefan Vukčić Kosača. Ivan had five children, three sons and two daughters. Two of his sons were notable: Đurađ Crnojević and Staniša "Stanko" Crnojević. When Ivan died in 1490 his son Đurađ succeeded him as the Lord of Zeta until the Ottomans forced him to leave Zeta in 1496.
In his youth Ivan took part in the raids against the domains of Stefan Vukčić Kosača, the Duke of Saint Sava in Hum, and on one occasion (between 1442 and 1444) he was captured. While he was Herzog's hostage (not imprisoned, but in Herzog's service, to guarantee his father's loyalty) his father was unable to be completely independent from Kosača or to fully ally with Venice. Venetians saw Stefan Crnojević as an important potential ally in their war against Serbian Despotate, so they tried to bring him closer by accepting his request to maintain a pressure on Kosača to release Ivan. Stefan was ready to do anything to have Ivan released from Kosača's captivity, so he complied with Venetian condition to allow them to suppress the rebellion in Grbalj. After Venetians brutally suppressed the rebellion in Grbalj they forced Kosača to reluctantly release Ivan to them and spent 120 ducats to buy him new clothes before handling him to his father.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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